Nalane ea nts'etsopele le maemo a hajoale a indasteri ea likoloi tsa machaba tse sebetsang ka sefofane

1. Indasteri ea machaba ea sethala sa lifofane e qalile ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1950, ha haholo-holo e ne e etsisa lihlahisoa tsa mehleng tsa Soviet Union.Ho tloha bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1970 ho isa bohareng ba bo-1980, indasteri eohle e ile ea hlophisa meralo e 'meli e kopaneng.Moetsi e mong le e mong oa likoloi tse sebetsang ka sefofane o hlahisitse theknoloji e tsoetseng pele ea kantle ho naha.Mohlala, Beijing Aerial Operating Vehicle Plant e hlahisitse theknoloji ea Japan Mitsubishi 15t internal combustion koloi e sebetsang ka sefofane e leka-lekaneng.Dalian High-altitude Operating Vehicle General Factory e hlahisitse thekenoloji ea Mitsubishi 1040t ea Japane e tukang ka hare ho koloi e leka-lekaneng le thekenoloji ea likoloi tse sebetsang ka sefofane, Tianjin Aerial Operating Vehicle General Factory e hlahisitse Bulgarian Balkan Vehicle Company 1.256.3t internal combustion thekenoloji, Ohizhou ea Jeremane ea Hang-hang le Vehictor ea Kakaretso ea Kakaretso ea Jeremane le Theknoloji ea Opereishene ea Kakaretso ea Vehik k'hamphani ea hydrostatic drive ea sefofane sa mosebetsi, koloi ea mosebetsi e sa tsamaeeng tseleng le theknoloji ea mosebetsi oa sefofane ea motlakase, feme ea mosebetsi oa sefofane ea Hefei, k'hamphani ea mosebetsi oa sefofane ea Baoji e hlahisitse theknoloji ea mosebetsi oa sefofane sa Japanese TCM Corporation 110t, k'hamphani ea mosebetsi oa sefofane ea Hunan E Tsebisitse theknoloji ea sesebelisoa sa ho phatloha ka hare ho British Pleban Machinery Company.Ho qala ka bo-1990, likhoebo tse ling tsa bohlokoa li 'nile tsa bokella le ho ntlafatsa lihlahisoa tsa tsona motheong oa ho cheka le ho monya theknoloji e tsoang linaheng tse ling.Ka hona, boemo ba hajoale ba tekheniki ea likoloi tsa sefofane tse entsoeng ka har'a naha ha bo lekane.Har'a bona, ka lebaka la lithibelo tsa thekenoloji ea morao-rao ea morao-rao, boemo ba kakaretso ba likoloi tse sebetsang ka sefofaneng tsa motlakase li fapane haholo le boemo bo tsoetseng pele ba lefats'e.Ho ntse ho hlokahala ho reka kantle ho naha likoloi tse sebetsang ka sefofane tsa boleng ba lidolara tse limilione tse 200 selemo se seng le se seng.Hore na likoloi tsa lifofane tsa China li ka qothisana lehlokoa le 'maraka oa machaba' me tsa lula li sa hlōloe tlhōlisanong le libapali tse matla ka ho fetisisa tsa lefats'e ho tla itšetleha ka ntlafatso ea boemo bo akaretsang ba theknoloji ea likoloi tse sebetsang ka sefofane, haholo-holo tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea likoloi tse sebetsang ka sefofaneng tsa motlakase.

2 Tshekatsheko ya mebaraka ya ka hare ho naha le kantle

Ho boleloa esale pele hore ho na le bahlahisi ba likoloi tse ka bang 250 lefatšeng ka bophara, ka palo ea selemo le selemo ea tlhahiso ea likarolo tse ka bang 500,000.Ka lebaka la tlholisano e matlafalitsoeng, ha e bapisoa le lilemo tsa bo-1980, indasteri ea lefats'e ea likoloi tse sebetsang ka sefofane e bontšitse ketsahalo e sa tloaelehang ea ho eketseha ha thekiso le phaello e fokotsehileng.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, e le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo, li-giants tsa likoloi tse phahameng li hahile lifeme tsa ntlafatso.Ka mohlala, Chaena e hahile Xiamen Linde, Anhui TCM Beijing Halla, Hunan Destar, Yantai Daewoo Heavy Industry, le Shanghai Hyster.Lik'hamphani tsena li ile tsa tlisa lihlahisoa le theknoloji e tsoetseng pele lefatšeng bohareng ba lilemo tsa bo-1990 naheng, e leng se ileng sa khothalletsa tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea thekenoloji ea likoloi tsa lifofane tsa naha, 'me hape ea baka tšusumetso e kholo' marakeng oa lehae.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ka tsoelo-pele ea moruo oa 'maraka, boemo le karolo ea thekenoloji ea thepa ho nts'etsopele ea moruo e ntse e bonahala haholoanyane,' me sekhahla sa ho kenella ha likoloi tsa mosebetsi oa sefofane se phahame le ho feta.E kene makaleng a fapaneng a moruo oa naha ho tsoa boema-kepeng bo le bong nakong e fetileng.indasteri.Palo ea hajoale ea likoloi tsa mosebetsi oa sefofane naheng ea heso e ka ba li-unit tsa 180,000, 'me tlhoko ea selemo le selemo e ka bang li-unit tsa 100,000, athe palo ea thekiso ea selemo le selemo e ka bang 30,000 feela.Hoa bonahala hore 'maraka oa China oa likoloi tsa mosebetsi oa sefofane o moholo

Ka kutloisiso e tebileng ea batho mabapi le likotsi tsa tšilafalo ea tikoloho, ts'ireletso ea tikoloho e fetohile ntho eo batho ba amehileng haholo ka eona lefatšeng ka bophara.Ka hona, likoloi tsa sefofane tse nang le botsoalle ho tikoloho e tla ba tsona tse ka sehloohong 'marakeng;ea bobeli, ho thehoa ha litsamaiso tsa polokelo ea othomathike le lisuphamakete tse kholo ho tšelisitse tlhokomelo ea mechini e sebetsang ka tlung.Khōlo ea tlhokahalo le tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea lipolanete tsa lifofane tsa motlakase tse sebetsang hantle, li-platform tsa lifofane tse tsoelang pele, lipolanete tsa sefofane tse moqotetsane le mechine e meng ea polokelo ke tšobotsi e 'ngoe ea 'maraka oa sethaleng sa sefofane sa nakong e tlang;ho feta moo, ho kopanya moruo oa lefats'e ka sebele Ho ikopanya ha lichaba tsa machaba ha liindasteri tsa lefats'e ho bakile keketseho e kholo ea khoebo pakeng tsa linaha le ka hare ho linaha.Lintlha tse ling li bonts'a hore tlhahiso ea lijana tsa lefats'e e ntse e eketseha ka sekhahla sa hoo e ka bang 30% selemo se seng le se seng.Keketseho ea khoebo e tla khothaletsa nts'etsopele e potlakileng ea lisebelisoa tsa sejoale-joale tsa ho ts'oara le ho paka.

3 Mokhoa oa ntlafatso oa theknoloji ea sejoale-joale ea likoloi tsa mosebetsi oa sefofane

3.1 Ho kopanya le ho fapanyetsana ha lihlahisoa

Ho ea ka mokhoa oa ho arola oa American Industrial Vehicle Association, likoloi tse sebetsang ka sefofane li arotsoe ka mekhahlelo ea 123456 le 77, e leng likoloi tse tsamaeang ka motlakase, likoloi tse tsamaeang ka motlakase tse tšesaane, likoloi tsa motlakase tsa motlakase, le likoloi tse tukang tse ka hare tse sebetsang ka hare., Likoloi tse tsamaeang ka moea tse tukang ka har'a mabili a moea, litereilara tse tsamaeang ka motlakase le tse tukang ka hare le likoloi tse sebetsang ka ntle ho tsela.Ka July 1999, makasine ea Amerika ea "Modern Material Handling" e ile ea reha lik'hamphani tse 20 tse holimo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng tsa likoloi tse sebetsang ka sefofane, tseo har'a tsona lihlopha tse 10 tse holimo tsa lihlahisoa tsa lik'hamphani Lind12, 3, 4, 5 le 6 Toyota12, 3, 4, 5 le 6Nacco/ MHG12, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3B, 3B, 3B, 3B, 3B, 3B, 3B, 3B, 3B, 3B, 3B, 3B, 3, 4, 3B, 3B, 3, 4, 3B, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4) le 12): le 5Mitsubshi/Caterpillar12, 3, 4 le 5Crown12, 3Komatsu12, 3, 4 le 5Nissan12, 3, 4 le 5TCM14 le mefuta e meng ea 5 ea lihlahisoa le lihlopha tse ling le tsona li ntle haholo. literaka tse bokellang, likoloi tse nkang, likoloi tse ka pele tsa sefofane, literekere tsa motlakase, joalo-joalo mefuta e ka bang 110;ha e ntse e le Chaena *Anhui Aerial Operating Vehicle Group, k'hamphani e kholo ea ho etsa likoloi tse sebetsang ka sefofaneng, e hlahisa 116t, limaraka tsa 15, mefuta ea 80 ea mefuta e fetang 400 ea likoloi tse sebetsang ka sefofaneng.Likhamphani tsohle tsa likoloi tse sebetsang ka sefofane li sebelisa mefuta e fapaneng ea lihlahisoa le letoto ho ikamahanya ka botlalo le litlhoko tsa basebelisi ba fapaneng, lintho tse fapaneng tsa ho sebetsa le maemo a fapaneng a ho sebetsa, le ho qala meaho e mecha le mehlala e mecha nako le nako ho fihlela litlhoko tsa motho ka mong tsa basebelisi ba nang le mefuta e mengata le lihlopha tse nyane.

3.2 Greening e khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea thekenoloji ea matla a phahameng a ho sebetsa a likoloi

Likoloi tse sebetsang ka sefofaneng li arotsoe ka likoloi tse sebetsang ka har'a moea tse tukang le tse tsamaeang ka motlakase.Koloi ea ka hare ea ho chesa sefofane e tsamaisoa ke enjene, e nang le matla a matla le mefuta e mengata ea lisebelisoa.Bobebe ke hore khase ea mouoane le lerata li silafatsa tikoloho ’me li kotsi bophelong ba batho.Litlhoko tsa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho li khothalletsa ntlafatso ea theknoloji ea matla: TCM e ntlafalitse koloi ea mosebetsi oa diesel ea 3.58t lilemong tsa bo-1970, ho fetola kamore ea mollo oa preheating ho tsamaisa ente, ho boloka 17% ho 20% ea mafura;Perkins enjene e ile ea qala molomo o bataletseng mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1980 Bohareng ba lilemo tsa bo-1980, k'hamphani ea Jeremane ea Deute e ile ea hlahisa mochine o khethehileng oa diesel oa F913G bakeng sa likoloi tse sebetsang tse phahameng, tse bolokang mafura ka 60% le ho fokotsa lerata ka 6dB.Sweden e ile ea thakhola koloi ea diesel-battery hybrid high-altitude e sebetsang;lilemong tsa bo-1990, LPG Low-pollution high-high-high-letitude likoloi tse kang LPG air work cars, compressed natural gas CNG air work cars, and propane air work cars are on the market, and their progressive is strong.

Likoloi tse sebetsang ka sefofane sa motlakase li na le melemo e ikhethang joalo ka ts'ebetso e phahameng ea ho fetola matla, ha ho na mosi, le lerata le tlase.Ke lisebelisoa tse ratoang bakeng sa ho sebetsana le thepa ea ka tlung, empa li lekanyelitsoe ke matla a betri, matla a tlaase le nako e khutšoanyane ea ho sebetsa.Hajoale, lapeng le kantle ho naha ba ntse ba ntlafatsa theknoloji ea betri ea lead-acid nako le nako, 'me ka ho ntlafatsa bohloeki ba lisebelisoa, e ntlafalitse haholo palo ea ho nchafatsa, bokhoni le ts'ebetso ea motlakase.Ka lebaka la tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji, likoloi tsa motlakase tse sebetsang ka sefofane li se li tlotse moeli oa hore li ka sebelisoa feela bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea lithane tse nyane.Hajoale, tlhahiso ea likoloi tse sebetsang ka sefofaneng tsa motlakase lefatšeng e nkile karolo ea 40% ea palo eohle ea likoloi tse sebetsang ka sefofane, malapeng 10% 15%, Jeremane, Italy le tse ling tsa Europe Bophirimela * likoloi tse sebetsang ka sefofane li nka 65%.

Nakong e tlang, likoloi tse sebetsang sebakeng se phahameng li tla sebelisa haholo ente ea motlakase ea motlakase le theknoloji e tloaelehileng ea terene.Nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tsa motlakase oa enjene le thekenoloji ea tlhoekiso e tla fokotsa ka nepo khase e kotsi le mesi e tsoang.Likoloi tse sebetsang moeeng tse tsamaeang ka mafura tse kang LPGCNG le likoloi tse tsamaeang ka sefofane tse nyalisitsoeng li tla ntlafatsoa le ho feta.Ka boikitlaetso bo kopanetsoeng ba lik'hamphani tse kholo, betri e ncha ea peterole e tla hlola bofokoli ba litheko mme e kene 'marakeng ka lihlopha.Hona joale, linatla tsa likoloi tsa lefats'e li sebetsa ka kopanelo ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa likoloi tsa motlakase.Ts'ebeliso ea matla a koloi ea motlakase, phetisetso, taolo, polokeho le theknoloji e meng ho likoloi tsa mosebetsi oa sefofane li tla etsa phetoho ea boleng bo botle ts'ebetsong ea likoloi tse sebetsang ka sefofane tsa motlakase.

3.3 Tšebeliso ea ho boloka matla le ho kopanya theknoloji e phahameng ea mechatronics le hydraulics

Ntlafatso le ts'ebeliso ea thekenoloji ea microelectronics, thekenoloji ea sensor, le theknoloji ea ts'ebetso ea tlhaiso-leseling e tla bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho ntlafatsa boemo ba indasteri ea likoloi tsa sefofane, ho hlokomela mesebetsi e kopaneng, le ho netefatsa polokeho, taolo le boiketsetso ba mochini le sistimi eohle.Etsa hore kopanyo ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le mechini, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le li-hydraulic li atamele.Tsoelo-pele ea nakong e tlang ea likoloi tsa mosebetsi oa sefofane e boemong ba ts'ebeliso ea theknoloji ea eona ea elektronike.

Ho lemoha ho kopanngoa ha mechatronics le hydraulics le microprocessor kaha motheo ke tataiso e ka sehloohong bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea tsamaiso ea koloi ea mosebetsi oa sefofane nakong e tlang, ke hore, ka microprocessor e le motheo, taolo e tla ntlafala ho tloha taolong ea sebakeng seo ho ea ho marang-rang, e le hore koloi eohle e ka boloka boemo bo botle ba ho sebetsa , Ho lemoha ts'ebetso e bohlale ea literaka tsa mosebetsi oa sefofane.Bakeng sa likoloi tsa motlakase, "conservative resistance control control" e felisitsoe, 'me transistor e ncha ea MOSFET e se e sebelisoa haholo ka lebaka la boemo ba eona ba hona joale ba heke * drive, litšobotsi tse ntle tsa ho laola ho tšoana, le lisebelisoa tsa software le hardware le mesebetsi ea ho itlhahloba.Li-Series excitation le li-control tse fapaneng tse hlasimollang e ntse e le tsona lihlahisoa tse ka sehloohong 'marakeng,' me theknoloji ea taolo ea AC e sa le qalong.Ka phokotso ea litšenyehelo tsa sistimi ea taolo ea lebelo la AC le ho hloka tsebo ha theknoloji ea makoloi a koetsoeng a AC, sethala sa sefofane sa AC se tla nkela sebaka sa sefofane sa DC motor ka lebaka la matla a sona a phahameng le ts'ebetso e ntle ea tlhokomelo.Tšebeliso ea tsamaiso ea elektronike le tekanyo ea tsamaiso ea matla e ka boloka matla ka 25%.Ho ea ka maemo a sebetsang a likoloi tse sebetsang ka sefofaneng, lebelo la motlakase le ka laoloa ka nako e nepahetseng, tekanyo e sebetsang ea ho boloka matla le ho fokotsa lerata la likoloi tse sebetsang ka sefofane.Ho feta moo, li-transistors tsa MOSFET li ka boloka matla ka 20% ha li bapisoa le taolo ea lebelo la ho hanyetsa.Braking e nchafalitsoeng e lokollotsoeng e ka boloka matla ka 5% ho isa ho 8%.Ho sebelisa hydraulic motor controller le ho jarisa theknoloji ea ho khutlisa matla ho ka boloka matla ka 20% le 5% ka ho latellana.

3.4 Sebelisa melao-motheo ea anthropology ho phehella boiketlo ba taolo

Khampani e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea likoloi tse sebetsang ka sefofane e ntlafatsa le ho ntlafatsa sebopeho sa mochine oa motho oa koloi e sebetsang ka sefofane nako le nako ho etsa hore taolo e be bonolo, e boloke mosebetsi, e potlake ebile e nepahale, 'me e fane ka papali e feletseng ea katleho ea mochine oa motho.Mohlala, e na le lisebelisoa tse khahlang mahlo tsa dijithale le lisebelisoa tsa alamo ho hlokomela ho lekola maemo a mosebetsi;tekesi e phaphametseng e ka tsamaisoa le ho phahamisoa e le hore 'musisi a ka fumana pono e felletseng;taolo ea ho tšoara e bohareng e nkela sebaka sa taolo ea ho tšoara tse ngata, 'me taolo ea elektroniki e nkela taolo ea matsoho sebaka;'Me butle-butle sebelisa li-monitor tsa elektronike le lipontšo tsa bophahamo e le tlhophiso e tloaelehileng ea likoloi tsa mosebetsi oa lifofane tse phahameng.

3.5 Moralo oa mohlala oa indasteri

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, lik'hamphani tse kholo li hlahisitse mefuta e mecha e nang le ponahalo e khahlang mahlo, e bonts'ang mokhoa oa nts'etsopele ea literaka tsa mosebetsi oa sefofane e le likoloi.Phetoho e bonolo, e kholo ea arc le mebala e khanyang le e hokahaneng.Ka nts'etsopele ea thekenoloji ea khomphutha, moralo oa prototype o hlakileng, mohlala o tiileng oa mahlakore a mararo, mokhoa o potlakileng oa ho etsa litšoantšo le mekhoa e meng e tsoetseng pele ea moralo le ts'ebeliso ea theknoloji e tsoetseng pele ea tlhahiso, ho etsa mohlala oa likoloi tsa mosebetsi oa sefofane ho tla fetoha le ho feta le ho ba le sebopeho.

3.6 Ela hloko tšireletseho, botšepehi le ts'ebetso ea likoloi tse sebetsang ka sefofaneng

Ho netefatsa tšireletseho ea mokhanni esale e le taba ea bohlokoa ho baqapi ba likoloi tsa mosebetsi oa sefofane.Ntle le mehato ea ts'ireletso ea mantlha e kang ho paka, ho khanna braking, ho itšeha pele, le ho fokotsa lebelo la lebelo, e na le sistimi e sebetsang ka botlalo, braking system, anti-rollover system, le ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse tharo tse ikemetseng tsa taolo ea elektroniki, hydraulic le mechanical.Ka nako e ts'oanang, nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso ea thekenoloji ea elektroniki e nolofalelitse lipatlisiso mabapi le polokeho ea likoloi tse sebetsang moeeng ho nts'etsapele ka tataiso ea bohlale.Mabapi le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso, ho totobatsoa ho nolofatsa ha ho qhaqhoa le ho bokana, ho kopanya likaroloana, ho tlatsa oli e bohareng, ho hlahloba le ho beha leihlo, ho ntlafatsa ho fumaneha ha likarolo, le ho fokotsa lintho tsa tlhokomelo.

3.7 Ntlafatso ea likoloi tse sebetsang ka sefofane le li-container tse fihlang

Hajoale, bahlahisi ba ka sehloohong ba lisebelisoa tsa ho tšoara le ho bokella thepa ba tsepamisitsoe Europe, joalo ka KalmarSMV naheng ea Sweden, BelottiCVSFantuzzi naheng ea Italy, PPM ea Fora, SISUValmet ea Finland le Linde ea Jeremane.Ho na le moetsi a le mong feela oa malapeng oa likoloi tse sebetsang ka sefofane, 'me ke baetsi ba babeli feela ba li-stacker spreaders, haholo-holo ba itšetlehileng ka thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling.Likoloi tsa lifofane tsa Container e ntse e le lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho sebetsana le ho bokella lijana tse se nang letho likoung tsohle tsa lijana, liteishene le liteishene tsa phetisetso, 'me palo ea likarolo tsa stacking e ntse e eketseha.Setshelo fihla stacker sebelisoa bakeng sa ho tšoara le stacking 20 le 40 maoto a lik'hontheinara boima, ka lebaka la ponahalo ea eona e ntle, e ka phahamisoa ka mose literene setshelo, o na le mosebetsi oa ho stacking mela ea bobeli le ea boraro ea lik'hontheinara, 'me e matha ka thelelo,' me butle-butle e tla nkela sebaka lijana tse boima tsa sefofane.